INNOVATSION FAOLIYATNI MOLIYALASHTIRISH TUZILMASI VA INNOVATSION NATIJADORLIK: G‘ARBIY YEVROPA TAJRIBASI VA O‘ZBEKISTON UCHUN XULOSALAR
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innovatsion faoliyat, ilmiy tadqiqot va ishlanmalar, R&D, moliyalashtirish tuzilmasi, tadbirkorlik sektori, Global innovatsion indeks, innovatsion natijadorlik, milliy innovatsion tizim, O‘zbekiston.Abstrak
Maqolada Germaniya, Fransiya, Belgiya va Niderlandiya hamda O‘zbekiston misolida innovatsion faoliyatni moliyalashtirish tuzilmasi va uning innovatsion natijadorlik bilan bog‘liq jihatlari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi O‘zbekistonda ilmiy tadqiqot va ishlanmalarga (R&D) yo‘naltirilayotgan mablag‘lar hajmi, ularning manbalar bo‘yicha tarkibi hamda tadbirkorlik sektorining ishtiroki strategik maqsadlarga to‘liq mos kelmayotgani bilan belgilanadi. Tahlil Eurostat maʼlumotlari, Jahon intellektual mulk tashkilotining 2025 va 2026 yilgi Global innovatsion indekslari hamda O‘zbekiston Milliy statistika qo‘mitasining 2020–2023 yillarga oid statistik maʼlumotlariga asoslangan. Tadqiqotda qiyosiy, tarkibiy va korrelyatsion tahlil usullaridan foydalanilgan.
Olingan natijalar tanlangan G‘arbiy Yevropa mamlakatlarida R&D xarajatlari hajmi va moliyalashtirish tuzilmasining o‘zi innovatsion natijadorlikdagi farqlarni to‘liq izohlash uchun yetarli emasligini ko‘rsatadi. Xususan, Belgiya 2023 yilda R&D intensivligi bo‘yicha tanlangan mamlakatlar orasida eng yuqori ko‘rsatkichga ega bo‘lgani holda, GII bali bo‘yicha ushbu guruhda nisbatan past natija qayd etgan. O‘zbekistonda esa resurs bazasining torligi va mavjud resurslarni innovatsion natijaga aylantirishdagi cheklovlar bir vaqtda namoyon bo‘ladi. 2023 yilda R&D xarajatlarining YaIMga nisbati 0,11 foizni, tadbirkorlik sektori bajargan R&D ulushi 19,2 foizni tashkil etgan. 2025 yilgi GII maʼlumotlarida innovatsion kirim va natijalar bo‘yicha mamlakat o‘rinlari o‘rtasida 23 pog‘onalik farq kuzatilgan. 2026 yilda O‘zbekiston Global innovatsion indeksda 77-o‘rinni egallab, innovatsion rivojlanish strategiyasida shu yil uchun belgilangan maqsadli ko‘rsatkichga erishgan.
Tahlil natijalari asosida tadbirkorlik sektori R&D xarajatlarini rag‘batlantiruvchi soliq mexanizmlarini joriy etish, davlat grantlarini xususiy hammoliyalashtirish bilan bog‘lash, ilmiy ishlanmalarni tijoratlashtirish infratuzilmasini kuchaytirish hamda strategik ko‘rsatkichlarni xalqaro statistik standartlar bilan uyg‘unlashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
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