BANK KAPITALINI BOSHQARISH BO‘YICHA ХALQARO TAJRIBASI
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bank kapitali barqarorligi, kredit riski, moliyaviy risk, kapital adekvatligi, muammoli kreditlar (NPL), Basel III standartlari, stress-test, likvidlik koeffitsienti (LCR, NSFR), leveraj sikli, makroprudensial tartibga solish.Abstrak
Ushbu maqolada bank kapitalini boshqarishning xalqaro tajribasi qiyosiy tahlil asosida o’rganilgan. Tadqiqotda Basel III standartlarining joriy etilishi, Yevropa Markaziy Banki (YeMB) nazorat amaliyoti, AQSh Federal Rezerv tizimining kapital tartibga solish yondashuvlari va bir qator rivojlangan hamda rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar tajribasi qiyosiy-tahliliy usulda o’rganilgan. Metodologik jihatdan ko’ndalanma kеsishgan tadqiqot (cross-sectional study) yondashuvi va 2010–2025 yillarni qamrab olgan retrospektiv tahlildan foydalanilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko’rsatadiki, dunyo bo’ylab “Group 1” banklarining o’rtacha CET1 koeffitsiyenti 14,0% ni tashkil etmoqda, Yevropa banklari esa eng yuqori kapital darajasiga (15,2%) erishgan. Banklarning kapitalga moslashish tezligi taxminan 2 yilni tashkil etishi aniqlangan. Xulosa sifatida O’zbekiston bank tizimini takomillashtirish uchun faqat kapital talablarini oshirish bilan cheklanmaslik, balki bir vaqtda nazorat sifatini yaxshilash, kapital bozorlarini rivojlantirish, makroiqtisodiy barqarorlikni ta’minlash va antisiklik kapital buferlari (CCyB) mexanizmini faol qo’llash zarurligi asoslab berilgan.
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