PENSIYA TIZIMINING PAYDO BOʻLISHI VA OʻZBEKISTONDA RIVOJLANISH TARIXI
##semicolon##
Pensiya tizimi, ijtimoiy muhofaza, keksalikda moddiy taʼminot, jamgʻarib boriladigan pensiya, islohotlar va huquqiy asoslar, demografik omillar.Abstrak
Pensiya tizimi – keksalik, nogironlik yoki boquvchisini yoʻqotganlik kabi holatlarda aholini moliyaviy muhofaza qilish mexanizmi sifatida namoyon boʻladi. Mazkur maqolada pensiya tizimining jahon tarixida ilk shakllanishi, ayniqsa, Oʻzbekistonda bu tizim rivojlanishining asosiy bosqichlari yoritiladi. Sovet davrida pensiya siyosatining ilk mezonlari yaratilgan boʻlsa, mustaqillikdan soʻng milliy iqtisodiyot talablari va xalqaro meʼyorlarga mos islohotlar amalda qoʻllandi. Maqolada mazkur islohotlarning tartibi, muammolari va zamonaviy holati xususida fikr yuritiladi. Tadqiqotda axborotlar tahlili orqali pensiya tizimi tarixiy jarayonlarining xulosalari ifodalangan boʻlib, bu sohadagi kelgusidagi rivojlanish yoʻnalishlarini belgilash uchun muhim gʻoyalar bildirildi. Shu bilan birga, xalqaro tajriba va mahalliy sharoitlar uygʻunlashuvining oʻziga xos jihatlari koʻrsatib oʻtildi.
##submission.citations##
Pension - Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENSION SYSTEM IN UZBEKASTAN - European Science Organization, https://europeanscience.org/index.php/2/article/download/600/580/1172
Evolution of pension systems - SyPpT, https://segurosypensionesparatodos.fundacionmapfre.org/en/pensions/pension-system/evolution-pension-systems/
The invention of retirement - Swiss Life-Gruppe, https://www.swisslife.com/en/home/blog/interview-matthieu-leimgruber.html
Historical development of social protection www.social-protection.org, https://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action?id=55579
Social Secwzty in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics www.ssa.gov, https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v22n8/v22n8p3.pdf
Pensions in the Former Soviet Bloc: Problems And Solutions, https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/conf/cfr01/cfr01ak.html
Income Security in Transition for the Aged and Children in the Soviet Union and in the Russian Federation by Lillian Liu www.ssa.gov, https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v56n1/v56n1p60.pdf
CURRENT STATE OF AGE PENSION SYSTEM AND ITS IMPROVEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN, https://ijecm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/7453.pdf
History of the pension fund - pfru.uz, https://pfru.uz/en/pages/istoriya-fonda
Structure of the Pension System in Uzbekistan - CABAR.asia, https://cabar.asia/en/structure-of-the-pension-system-in-uzbekistan
Some Issues Related to the Accrual of Age Pension in Uzbekistan and Ways to Solve Them - Formosa Publisher, https://journal.formosapublisher.org/index.php/ijcs/article/download/12836/12624/51733
Uzbekistan, Policies as of 1 January 2022. Updated via a country survey and desk review. https://www.issa.int/sites/default/files/documents/2024-01/Uzbekistan%202022%20-%20ISSA%20country%20profile_0.pdf
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About measures for implementation of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About accumulative provision of pensions...” - CIS Legislation, https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=15925
Resolution of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About approval of the Regulations on procedure for charge and payment of compulsory contributions by employers” - CIS Legislation, https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=9238
Of the president of the republic of uzbekistan order about increasing the amount of wages, pensions and allowances - NATLEX, https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/114846/UZB-114846.pdf
Review (S3 E6): Pension system in Uzbekistan - YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZmgMMVecSM
Presidential decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan “About increase in the sizes of the salary, pensions and benefits” - CIS Legislation, https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=161577
Uzbekistan to reform pension system, may raise pension age - Kun.uz, https://kun.uz/en/news/2024/09/26/uzbekistan-to-reform-pension-system-may-raise-pension-age
A review of existing pension services in developed and developing countries - E3S Web of Conferences, https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/34/e3sconf_uesf2021_05040.pdf
Evaluation Pension System as a Primary Source of Social Security in Uzbekistan - European Science Organization, https://europeanscience.org/index.php/2/article/download/198/195/380
Strategic Reform Agency develops proposals to improve Uzbekistanʼs pension system, https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/strategic-reform-agency-develops-proposals-to-improve-uzbekistans-pension-system/
Gavkhar Zokirova (2023). Changes in the State Pension System in Uzbekistan. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1), 274-279.
Gavxar Zokirova (2024). O'zbekiston pensiya tizimi islohotlarida xorijiy tajribani qo'llash. Muhandislik va iqtisodiyot, 2(5), 9–14.
Gavxar Zokirova (2024). O'zbekistonda pensiya tizimini isloh qilish zarurligi. Yashil iqtisodiyot va taraqqiyot, 2(12), 10–14.
