QAYTA TIKLANUVCHI ENERGIYA VA IQTISODIY O‘SISH O‘RTASIDAGI BOG‘LIQLIK: MARKAZIY OSIYO MAMLAKATLARI BO‘YICHA EMPIRIK TAHLIL
Abstrak
Ushbu tadqiqot Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlarida qayta tiklanuvchi energiya rivoji bilan iqtisodiy o‘sish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni empirik jihatdan tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot doirasida Qozog‘iston, Qirg‘iziston, Tojikiston, Turkmaniston va O‘zbekiston bo‘yicha 2014–2024-yillarni qamrab olgan muvozanatlangan panel ma’lumotlar to‘plamidan foydalanildi. Iqtisodiy o‘sish YAIMning yillik o‘sish sur’ati orqali o‘lchanib, asosiy tushuntiruvchi o‘zgaruvchi sifatida elektr energiyasi ishlab chiqarishida qayta tiklanuvchi manbalar ulushi olindi. Shuningdek, bandlik darajasi, fiskal tejashlar, CO₂ chiqindilarining kamayishi, savdo ochiqligi va energiya importiga qaramlik kabi nazorat o‘zgaruvchilari modelga kiritildi. Empirik tahlilda fiksirlangan va tasodifiy effektlar asosidagi panel regressiya modellaridan foydalanildi hamda ularning mosligi Hausman testi yordamida baholandi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatdiki, qayta tiklanuvchi energiya ulushining iqtisodiy o‘sishga bevosita ta’siri statistik jihatdan ahamiyatli emas. Biroq qayta tiklanuvchi energiya siyosati bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lgan fiskal tejashlar va aholi jon boshiga CO₂ chiqindilarining kamayishi YAIM o‘sishiga ijobiy va statistik ahamiyatli ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Bu holat qayta tiklanuvchi energiyadan olinadigan iqtisodiy foyda ko‘proq bilvosita kanallar orqali namoyon bo‘lishini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot xulosalari Markaziy Osiyo mamlakatlarida qayta tiklanuvchi energiyani rivojlantirish siyosatini fiskal islohotlar, ekologik barqarorlik va institutsional samaradorlik bilan uyg‘unlashtirish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi. Olingan natijalar mintaqaviy energetika siyosatini shakllantirish hamda barqaror iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta’minlash bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqishda muhim ilmiy asos bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
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